Health conditions and nutritional status were good. Sexual dimorphism and limb bone lateralisation were marked. A high level of muscular activity was observed in males and females, with males clearly more mobile than females. The comparison with Greek samples was hampered by the scarcity of pertinent data. The two samples from Matera did not show appreciable differences with the other Southern Italian coeval series when compared on the basis of metric and morphometric traits. Interpretation of the results was also based on comparisons with coeval sites from Central-Southern Italy, from Greece and with earlier and later sites from the same region. The biological reconstruction was attempted by a holistic approach which foresees the use of anthropometric, anthroposcopic, palaeodemographic, palaeopathological data, the study of skeletal and dentoalveolar indicators of environmental stress and the integration with archaeological and historical information. BC by the study of human skeletal remains found in two necropoles from the Matera province, Timmari and Montescaglioso, neighbouring Metaponto, one of the main Ionian Greek colonies. The Darius Vase is a famous vase painted by an unknown Magna Graecia Apulian vase painter.The aim of this work is to outline a general picture of life style and conditions of a population living in Magna Graecia between the 7th and the 4th c. The pottery was produced between 340 and 320 BCE, by a workshop in the Greek city of Taranto, ancient Taras, Magna Graecia, before the fall of Taranto to the Romans. It is an essential example of Apulian vase painting. The “Darius Vase” was discovered in 1851 near Canosa di Puglia and is now on display at the National Archaeological Museum, Naples. This volute krater is of large dimensions and many figures, inscriptions, and ornate styling. The neck of the vase shows combat scenes between the Greeks and the Persians. These scenes represent the battles between Alexander the Great and Darius III. Middle Tier: Darius and his War Council.Euboeans founded the first colonies, Pithecussae. The site of extensive trade and commerce, Magna Graecia was the seat of the Pythagorean and Eleatic systems of philosophy. In the top tier, above Darius stands a line of Greek Gods that include: Artemis riding a stag, Apollo seated holding a swan, Aphrodite together with Eros, and Zeus holding a winged thunderbolt. Magna Graecia, (Latin: Great Greece, ) Greek Megale Hellas, group of ancient Greek cities along the coast of southern Italy the people of this region were known to the Greeks as Italiotai and to the Romans as Graeci. The middle Tiet shows Darius I seated, wearing a long, ornate, sleeved robe and a high Persian hat. A bodyguard stands behind him, as Darius is listening to his War Council debate the question of War with the Greeks. Xerxes I, still a Prince, is second from right. The bottom tier shows the Royal Treasurer receiving payments from various conquered nations, whose representatives crouch before him. The use of pebbles on a marked board to make calculations, echos the fact that the Latin word for “pebble” is “calx,” which is the etymological root for the word “calculation.” The tax collector also holds an open diptych wax tablet in which can be read the letters “one hundred talents.” On a table lays a calculating tablet with several counters in front of the Greek numerals. The Darius vase may have represented a scene from a Greek drama. The central depiction of Darius the Great and its inscription (ΔΑΡΕΙΟΣ, top right) gave the vase, its name the “Darius Vase.” Darius PainterĪn anonymous artist painted the Darius Vase, who is today commonly called the Darius Painter.
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